Assessment of the Impact of the Sakhalin Island Climate Change on the Hydro Reclamation Complex

In the context of climate change, it is necessary to clarify the parameters of melioration systems, which depend, among other things, on the meteorological conditions of the territory. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of changes in agroclimatic indicators of Sakhalin Island in the context of global warming on the hydromelioration complex. The object of the study is Sakhalin Island, located in a moderate monsoon climate. The study used meteorological observation data from two meteorological stations: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in the southern part of the island and Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky on the west coast. To assess long-term trends in climate change in the Sakhalin Region, a number of indicators were used: average annual air temperature, annual precipitation, the sum of effective temperatures (more than 10°C), and the maximum daily precipitation during the growing season. To assess the impact of climate change on the heat and moisture supply of the territory, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient was calculated. Over the past 50 years (from 1971 to 2020), there has been a significant increase in the average annual air temperature in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from an average of 2.2 to 3.7°C (+ 1.5°C), and in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky – from 0.5 to 1.6°C (+ 1.1°C). The change in the amount of incoming heat is compensated by a slight increase in precipitation, the distribution of which by seasons of the year with maximum daily values must be taken into account when determining the water balance of agricultural landscapes. There is no obvious pattern in the long-term changes in the hydrothermal coefficient for the southern (zone of excess moisture) and western regions (zone of sufficient moisture). In the Sakhalin Region, in the context of a changing climate, it is necessary to introduce a set of organizational and technical measures to adapt the reclamation complex to new conditions, the implementation of which should contribute to increasing the sustainability of agricultural landscapes and the efficiency of agriculture on reclaimed lands.