Recent Trends in the Development of Ti–Zr-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications and Hydrogenated Powder Technologies for Their Manufacturing

Alloys based on Ti, Zr, Nb and Ta are the main metal biomedical materials. The proper selection of compositions based on these elements provides the necessary biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility with bone and other tissues of a living organism, as well as high strength with sufficient corrosion resistance in acid and alkaline environments, which are the key criteria in the manufacture of medical implants. The advantages of producing biomedical alloys using powder technology, in comparison with conventional techniques (such as vacuum casting and hot deformation), are discussed. The use of hydrogen as a temporary alloying element in powder technologies of these metals, and the positive effect of hydrogen on reducing residual porosity in the formation of alloys with an enhanced complex of physical and mechanical properties, are considered.