This introduction discusses parton distribution functions and their role in understanding hadron structure through scattering processes.
This article is an introduction to parton distribution functions and their generalizations which describe the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, and can be measured in various high-energy scattering processes. We provide the theoretical background, highlight both historical and recent developments, explain the connections between the different functions, and expose in which processes these functions can be accessed and what we can learn from them about hadron structure.
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Lorcé et al. (2025) studied this question.
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