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October 19, 2025BMC Infectious DiseasesOpen Access

Risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection: a case-control test-negative design study

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Authors

GTGabriela Tejada-PanduroLPLaia PinósSOSusana Otero-Romero

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Overview

Case-control study shows increased risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with immunosuppression, indicating prolonged vaccine effectiveness is critical.

Key Points

  • Patients vaccinated over six months prior had a 64% higher likelihood of breakthrough infections.
  • Immunosuppression was associated with a 2.04 odds ratio, marking it as a significant risk factor.
  • A case-control test-negative design involving 1,340 breakthrough cases and 4,016 controls analyzed various contributing factors.
  • Results suggest that vaccine timing and the presence of immunosuppression significantly influence breakthrough infection rates.

Cite This Study

Tejada-Panduro et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68f500b442a2eee15b0a1069https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11773-x
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