Principles of mathematical modeling of infectious diseases in the zone of interaction of wildlife and livestock

Modeling of infectious diseases at the intersection of industrial or farm animal husbandry and wildlife is a rare type of mathematical modeling due to the many problems that arise. This review article focuses on the characteristics of mathematical models in various combinations of "pathogen of an infectious disease nosological unit (a disease with a unique combination of characteristics) type of farm animal type of wild animal factors and vectors of pathogen transmission." The most common combinations of animal species were cattle, badgers, brush-tailed opossums (for tuberculosis in cattle), domestic pigs, and wild boars (for African swine fever, classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, and other contagious diseases). The primary goal of most studies in this review was to analyze strategies for controlling infectious animal diseases, including zoonoses, with a focus on interventions targeting wild hosts and their impact on domesticated livestock. Some strategies for combating infectious diseases in animals include: preventing contact between domestic livestock, poultry, and feed and wild animals; eliminating carriers of pathogens; and providing preventive immunization for all domestic animals, including dogs and cats; oral immunization of wild carnivorous animals with control over their numbers; monitoring the health status of livestock and animal movements; and the procedure for determining the zoosanitary status of industrial farms (compartmentalization) to determine the level of protection of farms from the entry of dangerous pathogens.