Pyrolysis Plant Design for Sustainable Conversion of Biomass and Tire Waste into Carbon Residues: Characterization and Environmental Impact

The growing challenge of managing biomass and synthetic waste materials, such as automotive tires, has prompted the need for sustainable recycling solutions. This study introduces the design and development of a prototype pyrolysis plant aimed at transforming diverse biomass and synthetic wastes into valuable carbon residues. The pyrolysis process utilized coconut shell, palm kernel shell, wood waste, and automotive tires as feedstock, achieving a batch processing capacity of approximately 17.5 liters. Experimental results indicate significant differences in the properties of carbon residues derived from biomass versus tire materials. Specifically, biomass-derived carbon exhibited an average pH of 9.33, bulk density of 0.56 g/ml, porosity of 0.043, ash content of 39.92%, and volatile matter loss of 68.68%. In comparison, tire-derived carbon showed a pH of 10.17, bulk density of 0.72 g/ml, porosity of 0.068, ash content of 67.30%, and volatile matter loss of 18.42%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the plant in generating tailored carbon products with distinct properties suitable for various industrial applications. By offering an eco-friendly and efficient waste conversion process, this research contributes to advancing sustainable waste management practices and supporting the circular economy.