Eponym as a Mutual Reflection of Cultures: The Ukrainian-Polish Context

This study explores the phenomenon of Ukrainian and Polish eponyms, examining the linguistic and cultural interaction between the two neighboring nations. Eponyms are a unique layer of lexical system, crucial for mastering a new language. This research focuses on eponyms that reflect the contribution of national culture to the universal heritage, as well as those that emerged on the linguistic and ethnic border, exhibiting local characteristics. We also analyze modern eponyms, which are authorial neologisms, and consider their peculiarities in word formation, expression, and public discourse. The study highlights the importance of considering these lexical units in their social and cultural context. Background: In modern linguistics, the study of eponyms has gained significant attention, as they represent appellative vocabulary and terms derived from proper names, denoting various concepts and realities associated with the bearers of these names or corresponding place names. The controversial nature of several issues regarding the linguistic status of eponyms in Ukrainian and Polish languages, coupled with their frequent use in everyday language practice and professional spheres, underscores the relevance of this study. Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to describe Ukrainian and Polish eponyms that are crucial for speakers in Polish-Ukrainian communication, focusing on their cultural significance and informative value. We examine single-word eponyms and eponymic units as part of phrases, many of which are included in dictionaries and have established connotations and broad associative links. We also briefly discuss eponyms that have not been previously described in lexicographical works and are perceived as expressive novelties in contemporary media, artistic, or colloquial discourse. Results: The research on eponyms has significant implications for Ukrainian-Polish linguistics, offering a valuable illustrative material that can demonstrate the richness and peculiarities of Ukrainian-Polish linguistic, cultural, and economic ties in both synchronic and diachronic dimensions. This study provides students with necessary background knowledge of literature, culture, and history of the country whose language is being studied. Keywords: eponym, proper name, appellative, proprietary name, onomastics, linguodidactics, intercultural communication.