Legal Regulation of Reproductive Material Donation in the Czech Republic: Current Challenges and Directions for Reform

This article analyses the legal regulation of gamete donation in the Czech Republic in the context of current ethical and human rights debates, as well as European trends in assisted reproduction law. The Czech model, based historically on the strict anonymity of donors, a lack of central donor registries, and minimal state control over the number of donation cycles or compensation, is facing increasing criticism from domestic and international experts. The author examines the main legislative acts, official reports, Constitutional Court decisions, and the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), comparing the Czech experience with reforms in other European countries. Special attention is paid to the rights of donor-conceived persons to know their genetic origins, the risks associated with unregulated donation cycles, and the growing need for a transparent, centralised system for tracking donations and regulating compensation. The article offers recommendations for aligning Czech law with modern European standards and highlights potential lessons for Ukrainian lawmakers.