Battery Electric Multiple Units (BEMU) as an alternative to railway line electrification

In response to the European Union’s policy requiring member states to take action aimed at reducing the negative impact of human activity on the natural environment, one of the key areas of focus is rail transport. This article presents the current level of railway line electrification in EU member states. Battery Electric Multiple Units (BEMU) are introduced as a potential alternative to full railway electrification, with particular emphasis on modern designs being implemented or tested in Europe. Additionally, as a historical curiosity, an example of such a vehicle operating in the early 20th century is presented. The vehicles described in the article may serve as an alternative to the old and worn-out diesel-powered rolling stock currently in use in Poland.