When Moms Work: Exploring Speech and Social Development in Jakarta’s Preschool Children

Maternal employment is increasingly common in urban areas, prompting inquiries into its effects on early childhood development. This study examines the connection between maternal employment and the development of speech, language, and social skills in preschool children in Jakarta, Indonesia. By conducting qualitative analyses of interviews and focus group discussions with working mothers, caregivers, and preschool teachers, the research offers detailed insights into how maternal employment influences children's developmental paths. The results highlight the significance of caregiving arrangements, parental engagement, and socio-cultural influences in shaping these outcomes. This study used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of six working mothers in Jakarta, Indonesia, who have children aged 3 to 6 with speech delays. Participants were purposively sampled and recruited via Twitter. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis to identify key patterns and themes. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on early childhood development by emphasizing the complex dynamics between maternal employment and child outcomes in a rapidly urbanizing context. It underscores the need for policy initiatives that support working mothers and promote access to quality childcare and early education resources. By highlighting the unique socio-cultural context of Jakarta, the research offers valuable implications for practitioners and policymakers aiming to enhance developmental support for preschool-aged children in similar urban settings.