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October 21, 2025Journal of Environmental Exposure AssessmentOpen Access

Characterization of size-segregated PM0.1 down to UFP ) and its trace and major elemental composition in blacksmith factories, Indonesia

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Authors

RRRinda Andhita RegiaKOKatharina OginawatiSSSuharyanto Suharyanto

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Overview

Observational analysis reveals high ultrafine particle concentrations in blacksmith workshops, suggesting significant emissions affecting worker health.

Key Points

  • Workshops with intensive welding activities recorded the highest ultrafine particle concentrations.
  • Total suspended particle concentration reached a maximum of 3,504.58 µg/m3 in Workshop A, with UFPs comprising 37% of PM2.5.
  • Outdoor ultrafine particle levels were significantly lower than indoor concentrations, confirming blacksmithing as a major emission source.
  • The analysis revealed iron as the dominant element in ultrafine particles, underscoring occupational exposure risks.

Cite This Study

Regia et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68f74e597f21f73e19e5b261https://doi.org/10.20517/jeea.2025.37
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