Global Research Trends and Map on Machine Learning Applications in Stunting Detection in Vulnerable Populations: A Bibliometric Analysis

Stunting and malnutrition continue to be significant public health challenges, particularly in low-income and rural populations. With the growing reliance on data-driven strategies in public health, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for identifying, classifying, and predicting conditions related to undernutrition. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of global research from 2019 to 2025, focusing on the application of ML techniques—such as clustering, support vector machines (SVM), and random forest—in addressing malnutrition and stunting. A total of 417 Scopus-indexed publications were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R) to assess research trends, key themes, influential authors, prominent journals, and thematic evolution. The analysis reveals a consistent growth rate of 10.72% in publications, with notable contributions from China and other low- and middle-income countries. Keyword mapping highlights that “machine learning,” “spatial analysis,” and “stunting” are central to the research, although they remain areas for further development. Thematic evolution indicates a shift towards more integrated, context-aware approaches, with a growing focus on built environments and vulnerable populations. The study concludes that while ML holds significant promise for advancing decision-making in child health and nutrition, its impact will depend on continued methodological refinement and effective implementation within public health systems.