Early effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on bone health in young obese adult patients: a retrospective cohort study

Background. Now, obesity is a worldwide health problem associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been established as an effective treatment option for obesity that provides satisfactory weight loss with metabolic benefits. The study purposed to investigate the early effects of LSG on bone mineral density (BMD) in young obese adults within two years post-surgery, and identify factors influencing these changes. Materials and methods. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the early effects of LSG on BMD among young obese adults. We examined 103 patients, including 41 subjects who underwent LSG and 62 matched controls. The linkage dataset below is based on collected data from Al-Sadar Medical City, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed to investigate the BMD. Results. It demonstrated a significantly increased risk of low BMD among LSG patients (12.2 %) versus controls (0 %), with a risk ratio of 2.7 (95% CI: 2.1–3.5). Among LSG patients, 80.5 % were found to have a serum 25(OH)D deficiency, which can contribute to reduced BMD. Regarding the distribution of serum 25(OH)D levels among the examined subjects, it was found that 16.7 % of the women from the study groups had normal serum 25(OH)D levels, compared to 42.4 % of the controls. Serum calcium level was low; parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated, indicating increased bone remodeling. Conclusions. Although relatively recent, LSG has a significant impact on the capacity to achieve long-term weight loss. BMD among LSG patients is lower compared to the control group, so poor dietary habits can compromise future bone health if nutritional intake is not maintained.