Design of an IoT-Based Road Condition Monitoring System Using NodeMCU, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Vibration Sensor

This study designs an Internet of Things (IoT)-based road condition monitoring system using NodeMCU ESP8266, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and the SW-420 vibration sensor. The system is designed to detect road damage such as potholes and uneven surfaces by combining distance measurement and vibration detection, then transmitting the data in real time to the Blynk application. The research employs a prototyping method and is tested on a remote-controlled (RC) car equipped with sensors, which is operated on a simulated track with varying road surface conditions. The test results demonstrate that the system is capable of detecting changes in road surface elevation and vibrations with high accuracy, and transmitting the data to the Blynk application with a delay of less than two seconds. This system has proven effective as a fast, accurate, and integrated tool for monitoring road conditions to support road maintenance and improve road user safety.