New findings reveal unique aspects of the early-medieval settlement complex at Ciepłe, suggesting new perspectives on state formation and cultural interactions.
New research at Ciepłe, a unique early-medieval centre in northern Poland, reveals a Piast-era complex with three strongholds, elite chamber graves and far-reaching connections. Founded in the late tenth century AD, Ciepłe challenges traditional models of Pomeranian integration, offering fresh perspectives on early medieval state formation, frontier strategy and cross-cultural interactions.
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Wadyl et al. (2025) studied this question.
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