Investigation and response to a scabies outbreak in a rural community in Biakoye District Ghana May 2025

Abstract Background Scabies, a neglected tropical disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, remains underreported in rural Ghana. In May 2025, a scabies outbreak was reported in Appiahkrom village, Biakoye District. We investigated to confirm the outbreak, determine its magnitude and source, identify risk factors, and implement control measures. Methods A field investigation was conducted between 20–24 May 2025. A descriptive epidemiological design was used. Case definitions were applied (suspected, probable, confirmed). The index case was laboratory-confirmed by skin scraping microscopy. House-to-house searches, structured interviews, and clinical examinations were performed. Data were analyzed by person, place, and time. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin was implemented for cases and contacts. Results Nine cases were identified across three households (attack rate: 3%). Children < 18 years represented 55.6% of cases. The epidemic curve suggested a propagated pattern of transmission, consistent with person-to-person spread. Shared sleeping spaces and close household contacts were identified as key risk factors. The outbreak source was linked to visitors from Accra with visible rashes. Following ivermectin-based MDA and community sensitization, no new cases were reported two weeks post-intervention. Conclusion This investigation confirmed a scabies outbreak affecting nine individuals in Appiahkrom village, with children most affected. Close household contact and overcrowded living conditions facilitated transmission. Early detection, ivermectin-based MDA, and health education successfully contained the outbreak. Strengthening community surveillance and integrating routine skin health checks into CHPS services are critical for prevention.