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This is a Quantitative Study study.

October 22, 2025Open Access

The Geant4 software toolkit evolution over the past decade

Key Points

Geant4 has evolved significantly over the last decade, enhancing its capabilities for particle transport in various fields.
Recent improvements in the kernel and physics models have made Geant4 more efficient in high energy and nuclear physics applications.
The software toolkit's advancements are relevant to domains such as medical science and homeland security, showcasing its versatility.
Ongoing research and development projects indicate that Geant4 will continue to be actively developed for future applications.

Abstract

Geant4 is an open software toolkit for the Monte-Carlo simulation of particle transport in matter. It is used in many domains, like high energy and nuclear physics, medical and space science, as well as homeland security and material science. Started 30 years ago, it is still subject to very active developments. This paper presents the developments in Geant4 over the past 10 years, covering the kernel, physics models, and software aspects. It also discusses ongoing R&D projects.

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