Assessing Station Performance in the Adria Array: A Study of CSS Deployments

The Croatian Seismological Survey (CSS) plays a central role in seismic monitoring throughout Croatia with its permanent, temporary and mobile station networks. As part of the AdriaArray initiative, the CSS has expanded its capabilities by integrating its stations into a regional framework aimed at improving seismic coverage. In this study, the performance of three representative stations MOSL (permanent), 7433 (temporary) and BATN (mobile) is evaluated by analyzing the probabilistic power spectral density (PPSD). Results indicate that the permanent station exhibits superior performance, with noise levels better aligned with the New Low Noise Model (NLNM), whereas temporary and mobile stations show significantly higher noise at periods of 0.07‑1 s. However, signal quality is affected by significant issues such as insufficient thermal and barometric insulation and shallow installations. While temporary and mobile stations show lesser performance overall, in range of 1‑10 s they are comparable to permanent stations in some aspects. Further, they exhibit higher noise levels at periods of 10‑100 s, which is influenced by environmental and anthropogenic factors. Improving seismic network performance in Croatia requires upgrading equipment, implementing deeper vault designs, and optimizing station locations to minimize noise interference. These results provide important insights for the modernization of seismic monitoring in Croatia and its integration into international initiatives.