(Pro)renin receptor - a new cancer marker

Despite significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer initiation and development, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. In this regard, the identification of molecular markers and molecular targets of human cancer diseases, new diagnostic markers of the initiation, development and progression of malignant tumors remains a priority area of research. The renin-angiotensin cascade is a physiological pathway that promotes the proliferation of tumor cells, angiogenesis and inflammatory response in tumor tissue, invasion and metastasis. (Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR)/MAP kinase is an alternative pathway of regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The purpose of the review is to analyze the role of the (pro)renin receptor in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, to assess its prospects for role of a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer. The (pro)renin receptor has been identified as a new member of the local RAS. However, our knowledge of (P)RR was mainly limited to its role in physiological processes, in cardiovascular diseases and kidney diseases. In recent years, it has been convincingly proven that (P)RR is aberrantly expressed and contributes to the development of various types of cancer. The review analyzes the potential role of (P)RR in the molecular mechanisms of initiation and progression of various types of cancer. It is shown that (P)RR plays an important role in cancer-associated signaling pathways such as Wnt/p-catenin, RAS, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. The relationship between the expression level of (P)RR and its soluble form (s(P)RR) with the development of malignant neoplasms has been established. s(P)RR may be a new non-invasive biomarker for malignancies, but further research is needed to determine its diagnostic value. Thus, the (pro)renin receptor, including its full-size form in tumor tissues and its soluble form in blood, has significant potential as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.