Modulated Gravity Effects on Thermal Instability in Magnetoconvection of a Viscoelastic Fluid Layer

Buoyancy-driven convection is either reduced or entirely absent in low-gravity environments, such as those experienced in aircraft, space shuttles, or other microgravity conditions. Although gravity modulation is typically insignificant in Earth-based situations, it can have a considerable effect in low-gravity environments. Gravity modulation significantly influences dynamic systems as it externally controls convective flow, especially through its amplitude and modulation frequency. However, it should be emphasized that linear stability analysis merely determines the threshold for convection onset and does not address heat transfer characteristics or the specifics of pattern development. Hence, weakly nonlinear stability analysis under modulation is crucial for exploring heat and mass transfer, along with throughflow interactions at boundaries. This research explores how magnetic field and gravity modulation influence the weakly nonlinear stability of convection onset in a viscoelastic fluid layer. The convection amplitude is derived through the Ginzburg-Landau equation and numerically computed using Mathematica 11.0. The study investigates the Nusselts number in relation to several key parameters, including the scaled stress relaxation and strain retardation parameters, as well as the amplitude and frequency of gravity modulation and the Chandrasekhar number, to evaluate their roles in heat transfer performance.