A qualitative double perspective investigation of the psychosocial implications of discrimination and coping strategies of gay men in Tunisia

Gay men in Arab Muslim countries face a complex reality due to prevailing socio-cultural and legal conditions, which can influence how they experience and interpret their everyday life. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial implications of discrimination and the coping strategies of gay men in Tunisia. A qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with gay men and mental health professionals. MAXQDA was used to perform reflexive thematic analysis. Reflexivity was maintained throughout the research diary and peer debriefing amongst the diverse research team to enhance objectivity. Four key themes were constructed: (1) The pervasive burden of stigma and discrimination, highlighting both direct and anticipated experiences of exclusion; (2) Psychological toll and social fragmentation, encompassing mental health distress, isolation, and strained social participation; (3) Coping strategies, including concealment, migration, community activism, and engagement in online networks; and (4) Social support and the limits of access, contrasting informal peer solidarity with the lack of institutional protections. The study highlights the need for legal reforms, enhanced mental health support, and inclusive community spaces. Addressing these challenges requires a collective effort to reduce stigma and promote acceptance.