Pielonefrite em cão causada por cepa de Klebsiella pneumonie

Pyelonephritis is an infectious disease that affects the renal parenchyma and pelvis. It is typically caused by an ascending bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract, with a higher incidence in older dogs and females. Additional factors, such as concurrent diseases and corticosteroid use, increase the patient's susceptibility to this condition. A presumptive diagnosis is based on clinical history, laboratory tests, and imaging findings. Treatment generally involves the use of antibiotics and symptomatic therapy. This report describes a case of pyelonephritis in a 10-year-old Poodle with a history of chronic steroidal anti-inflammatory use. The patient presented with prostration, vomiting, diarrhea, lumbar pain, urinary incontinence, and greenish ocular discharge. A complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry panel, rapid test for leishmaniasis, Snap 4Dx test, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. The CBC revealed anemia and leukocytosis, and all biochemical enzymes assessed were above reference ranges. Both infectious disease tests returned negative results. Urine samples were collected via ultrasound-guided cystocentesis for urinalysis and urine culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Based on the clinical history and diagnostic findings, a presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made and antibiotic therapy with enrofloxacin was initiated, along with symptomatic and supportive care. However, the patient died the day after admission. Subsequent urine culture and susceptibility testing identified a multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This case highlights the growing concern around antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine and their broader implications within the One Health framework.