Observational analysis improved mentoring and teaching effectiveness in doctoral programs, suggesting faculty development enhances academic advising practices.
Author Affiliation: School of Nursing, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut Correspondence: Frances Penny, PhD, RN, BSN, MPH, IBCLC, School of Nursing, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT ([email protected]). The author declares no conflict of interest. Accepted for publication: September 14, 2025 Early Access: October 17, 2025
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Frances Penny (2025) studied this question.