Analysis using in silico approaches reveals neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity mechanisms of Endosulfan in humans, indicating significant health risks.
Objective Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, consists of two isomers (α-Endosulfan and β-Endosulfan) and a primary metabolite, Endosulfan sulfate (END-SO4). Due to its pervasive environmental contamination and harmful effects—such as neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity in humans—END was included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Annex A) in 2011, leading to its prohibition in many regions. The toxic effects of END have been extensively studied, but the specific mechanism of its lung injury remains unknown. This study explores how α/β-Endosulfan and END-SO4 may induce lung injury using in silico approaches.
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Karakuş et al. (2025) studied this question.
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