Molecular Methods for Detecting Bacteria Causing Gastric Ulcers and Gastritis in Nineveh Governorate

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most widespread bacteria in human communities worldwide and is primarily associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers or even gastric cancer because it contains a number of virulence factors. The purpose of this study was to find 16S rRNA in stomach biopsies from patients with gastritis in Mosul and uncover some of the virulence genes of H. pylori. The study was carried out in hospitals in Mosul, Iraq, from June 2023 to April 2024. Fifty samples were collected from 50 individuals, ages 14 to 85. During endoscopy, the gastroenterologist, a specialist physician, collected gastric biopsy samples from the corpus stomach. PCR was performed on the gastric biopsies. Fifty gastritis-afflicted samples are included in this investigation. The highest frequency was found in patients aged 26–40 and 41–60, while the lowest frequency was found in patients aged 61–85. PCR was used to find H. Pylori. The study discovered that 50 (100%) of the gastrointestinal patients had positive 16SrRNA results. Furthermore, this study discovered that 44 (88%) of the cagA gene was negative and 6 (12%) positive. The high frequency of these factors in gastritis patients' biopsies is concerning and necessitates ongoing monitoring, considering the significant role that the studied virulence factors play in the pathophysiology of H. pylori.