Well-being ecosystems for farmers: adapting employee welfare programs to the specifics of agriculture

The agricultural sector is characterized by specific psychosocial risks that require the adaptation of traditional employee welfare programs to the unique conditions of agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model of a well-being ecosystem for farmers, taking into account industry specifics. The methodological base includes an analysis of panel data from 847 agricultural enterprises for the period 2022-2024, structural modeling, regression analysis, and comparative analysis of program effectiveness. The key results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between adapted well-being programs and performance indicators (r = 0.73, p<0.001), a decrease in staff turnover by 34% and an improvement in the psychosocial climate by 28%. The ecosystem approach to well-being has shown superiority over traditional programs in 12 of the 15 measured parameters. The model revealed the critical role of climatic stressors, seasonal work, and social isolation as specific risk factors for farmers. The results substantiate the need for a paradigm shift from unified to contextualized well-being programs that integrate ecosystem services, technological innovations, and socio-psychological support.