Enhancing vocational teacher competencies and student critical thinking through digital technology integration in hydraulic and pneumatic systems training

The integration of digital technology in automotive engineering education has become a pressing necessity to prepare competent workforce for the Industry 4.0 era. This Community Partnership Empowerment Program aims to enhance the competence of Automotive Engineering Subject Teacher Group (MGMP) members and vocational high school (SMK) students in West Sumatra through training on hydraulic and pneumatic systems integrated with digital technology. The service methodology included intensive workshops, hands-on training, mentorship in developing learning media, and industry site visits, all delivered through a blended learning approach utilizing an e-learning platform for teachers and physical simulators for students. Evaluation results demonstrate a significant increase in teachers' digital technology competence, rising from an average score of 42 (basic level) to 87 (proficient level). Furthermore, students' critical thinking skills in solving hydraulic and pneumatic system problems improved by an average of 30 points, increasing from an initial score of 45 to 75. Additionally, the program successfully developed various video tutorials and interactive learning media, and established sustainable partnerships between the university, schools, and industry, following the triple helix model.