In-depth Gender Analysis of Factors Contributing to Out-of-School Girls: Evidence from Nepal

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to analyze factors influencing out- of-school girls in Nepal across five different categories: demographic, education, economic, household, and culture and gender norms. Based on the analysis, this study will provide a comprehensive understanding of out-of-school girls in Nepal and provide recommendations to enhance girls’ access to education in developing countries. Originality: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of various factors that prevent girls’ access to education in Nepal based on quantitative and qualitative data collected through field research. Methodology: Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzed quantitative survey data and qualitative interview results collected from out-of- school girls between the ages 10-16 across three districts in Nepal. The survey was analyzed by STATA, and interviews consisted of focus group interviews and key informant interviews of relevant stakeholders. Result: The research findings demonstrate that multiple factors across the five categories had a significant impact on out-of-school girls’ access to education in Nepal. Quantitative analysis results indicated that district, ethnic group, number of siblings, distance to school, lack of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) facilities, peer pressure, and community pressure for early marriage acted as major barriers. Qualitative analysis highlighted parental perceptions on education, household chore burden, and limited family support as contributing factors. Conclusions and Implication: Based on the research findings, this study recommends the need for integrated government support, participatory policymaking, education quality improvement, and sustained efforts to eliminate harmful practices such as child marriage.