Research Progress on Nasal Delivery of siRNA Nanocarrier Systems for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases faces huge challenges, mainly due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery, which leads to many potential treatment methods being unable to effectively reach the target area. In recent years, nasal administration has received extensive attention as a non-invasive drug delivery route because of its anatomical connection with the brain, enabling direct delivery to brain tissue. In particular, the siRNA delivery system based on nanocarriers has shown great promise in the treatment of CNS diseases due to its unique advantages in targeting gene silencing. This article reviews the latest research progress on nasal administration of siRNA nanocarriers, with a focus on the design strategies, administration mechanisms, in vivo and in vitro effects, and safety evaluations of different nanocarriers. The aim is to provide a systematic theoretical basis and future research directions for the application of siRNA nasal administration in the treatment of CNS diseases (see the abstract of the picture).