Presented optimized trajectory reduces fuel consumption while ensuring robustness, indicating effective mission planning.
India achieved a significant milestone on August 23ʳᵈ 2023, becoming the fourth country to accomplish a soft landing on the Moon. This paper presents the powered descent trajectory design for the Chandrayaan-3 mission. The optimization framework is based on pseudospectral Radau collocation, and controllability-based waypoint refinement is employed to further enhance the robustness of the trajectory against state and control perturbations. Furthermore, the trade-off between fuel consumption and robustness is explicitly quantified, providing insights into the practical considerations of mission planning.
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Kumar et al. (2025) studied this question.
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