Bio‐convective flow of non‐Newtonian nanofluid with triple stratification effect over a curved stretching surface

The main aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of stratified flow in a bio‐convective Williamson nanofluid over a curved stretching surface. Our analysis incorporates several innovative factors, including Joule heating, heat generation/absorption, the influence of a magnetic field, chemical reactions, and nonlinear thermal radiation. To facilitate the analysis, we transform the flow model into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by utilizing suitable similarity variables. We employ the BVP4C method in MATLAB to derive numerical solutions for these equations. The effects of different significant parameters are examined and presented visually. In this study, it was noted that both the Williamson parameter and the magnetic field parameter generate drag forces in the fluid flow, leading to a reduction in fluid velocity. The temperature profile shows a declining trend with an increase in the elevation thermal stratification parameter, whereas it exhibits an opposite trend when the Eckert number, heat source parameter, and radiation parameter increase. Additionally, the microorganism profile declines as the bio‐convection Lewis number and the microorganism stratification parameter increase.