Cross-sectional study shows epithelial thickening and vascular changes in smokers with periodontitis, indicating the role of smoking cessation.
Smoking induces significant histological and vascular changes in the gingiva, including epithelial thickening, reduced collagen density, and decreased microvascular density, while maintaining the neovascular potential. These findings highlight smoking as a critical modulator of periodontal tissue pathogenesis, and reinforce the importance of smoking cessation in mitigating periodontal disease progression.
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Reddy et al. (2025) studied this question.
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