Serum fatty acid synthase and GLP-1 levels in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the differences in serum fatty acid synthase (FASN) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels among patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and healthy controls. Methods A total of 60 male patients and 28 healthy male subjects were included in the study. Based on biopsy results, the patients were divided into two groups: prostate cancer (n = 30) and BPH (n = 30). Results The mean FASN level was 6.71 ± 0.81 ng/mL in the prostate cancer group, 3.84 ± 0.21 ng/mL in the BPH group, and 3.57 ± 0.29 ng/mL in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in FASN levels between the BPH and control groups (p > 0.05). However, FASN levels were significantly higher in the prostate cancer group compared to both the control and BPH groups (p < 0.001). The mean GLP-1 level was 9.69 ± 0.65 pmol/L in the prostate cancer group, 11.40 ± 0.77 pmol/L in the BPH group, and 7.03 ± 0.62 pmol/L in the control group. Compared to the control group, GLP-1 levels were significantly elevated in both the BPH and prostate cancer groups (p < 0.001 for both); however, there was no significant difference between the BPH and prostate cancer groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that FASN and GLP-1 levels may contribute to the diagnostic accuracy of prostate diseases when used in conjunction with PSA and its derivatives.