Publisher’s Note

Publisher’s Note. Simon A. Hawley, Rebecca J. Ford, Brennan K. Smith, Graeme J. Gowans, Sarah J. Mancini, Ryan D. Pitt, Emily A. Day, Ian P. Salt, Gregory R. Steinberg, and D. Grahame Hardie. The Na+/Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor Canagliflozin Activates AMPK by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Function and Increasing Cellular AMP Levels. Diabetes 2016;65:2784–2794. https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-0058 American Diabetes Association https://doi.org/10.2337/db26-pn01 Concerns were raised about the same loading control (AMPK-α) appearing in both Fig. 2F and Fig. 2H of the article cited above. The Research Integrity Group in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Dundee reviewed the claims and found they warranted further examination. The senior author was contacted, but the original data could not be retrieved, as they had been stored on a server decommissioned after the author’s retirement. Based on the information available, the Group concluded that the duplication most likely arose inadvertently during figure preparation. The duplicated data represent a loading control redundant with other elements of the figure, and the authors indicated that its removal may not alter the interpretation of the findings. The American Diabetes Association’s Panel on Ethical Scientific Programs (ESP) reviewed the Group’s assessment and supporting materials. The ESP determined that, because the original data are unavailable, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the lack of AMPK activation by empagliflozin; however, considering other data presented in the manuscript, the conclusions regarding canagliflozin’s action (the primary finding of the paper) remain unchanged. This Publisher’s Note is issued to ensure transparency for readers.