Distributed peer to peer transaction framework for heterogeneous energy trading in urban energy internet-integrated micro-energy grid systems with diverse preference aware

The growing integration of distributed energy resources and the increasing autonomy of micro-energy grids have brought new challenges to energy coordination within the urban energy internet. Traditional centralized or aggregator-based transaction models often overlook the heterogeneity in energy production and consumption preferences among micro-energy grids, leading to inefficiencies in energy allocation. This paper proposes a distributed peer-to-peer transaction framework tailored for heterogeneous energy trading in urban energy internet-integrated micro-energy grid systems. The framework captures individual preference-aware behavior by introducing a two-layer optimization structure: the micro-energy grid level and the system level. In micro-energy grid level, micro-energy grids independently optimize their utility based on diverse energy values. The system level ensures global coordination and system-level efficiency. To address coupling constraints and preserve user privacy, a distributed optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is developed, in which dual variables serve as market-based transaction prices. Furthermore, a rolling horizon optimization mechanism is adopted to dynamically adapt to dynamic process for heterogeneous energy sources optimized operation with their preference aware. Simulation results on a modified IEEE 30-bus test system embedded with micro-energy grids verify the proposed method’s capability in enhancing energy trading efficiency, respecting user diversity, and facilitating renewable energy integration.