Analysis demonstrates increased decay rate for false vacuum in scalar field theory with Einstein gravity, suggesting implications for gravitational-wave astronomy.
A recent analysis of the false-vacuum decay in non-perturbative regimes is here extended in the presence of Einstein gravity, computing the corresponding effective potential and decay rate. We consider a [Formula: see text] scalar field theory and we observe that, in comparison to the usual perturbative decay rate, the higher the coupling [Formula: see text], the greater the decay probability. We evaluate the running of the self-interaction coupling and obtain a weakly coupled theory at lower energies, proving that Einstein gravity grants an even more reliable weak coupling approximation with the universe cooling down. We also provide an extended study of a non-minimal coupling [Formula: see text] of the scalar field with gravity showing how this term makes the false-vacuum decay more difficult. Minima can also disappear at large coupling [Formula: see text]. We discuss possible applications of these results to cosmological phase transitions, gravitational-wave astronomy, and condensed matter systems.
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Calcagni et al. (2025) studied this question.
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