The Deterioration of Concrete Based on the Experiments Under the Combined Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Carbonation Erosion and Sulfate Corrosion

With the progress of human civilization and technology, the focus on civil engineering materials has shifted toward modern concrete materials. These materials are characterized by the incorporation of various admixtures and fibers. Therefore, it is essential to study their durability under diverse environmental conditions. Firstly, an experimental method is designed to investigate the combined effects of freeze–thaw cycles, carbonation erosion, and sulfate corrosion on concrete durability. Then, models for concrete deterioration are constructed based on the water–binder ratio, fly ash content, polypropylene fiber content, sulfate solution concentration, and compressive strength of concrete, which can reveal the interplays of freeze–thaw cycles, carbonation, and sulfate conditions. Meanwhile, an index-oriented adaptive differential evolution (IOADE) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal parameters for the deterioration models. Finally, data experiments demonstrate the reasonableness and efficacy of the proposed models.