Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Zirconium Hollow Microspheres With Surface Flower‐Like and the Phosphate Adsorption Ability

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/zirconium (PVA/Zr) hollow microspheres with a flower‐like surface morphology are synthesized via the integration of microfluidic technology, complexation, and coprecipitation principles. This approach results in adsorption materials with exceptional characteristics, such as a high specific surface area, excellent monodispersity, and efficient recyclability. Microspheres exhibit a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 73.58 mg/L at pH = 2. When the initial phosphate concentration increases to 125 mg/L, the removal efficiency decreases by 54%, while the adsorption capacity remains at 60.56 mg/g. At a dosage of 0.05 g, the phosphate sorption capacity declines by 40 mg/g, but the phosphate removal rate rises by 50.59%. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the microspheres is 146.53 mg/g. Furthermore, the kinetics and isothermal adsorption behavior of phosphate on PVA/Zr hollow microspheres are systematically investigated. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the development of a novel technology for addressing phosphate pollution.