Epidemiology and some clinical aspects of primary headaches in children and adolescents

Headache (HA) is the most common neurological disorder in adults and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. In children and adolescents, HA has a significant impact on their physical and psychological state. This paper presents a literature review using eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases with the keywords «headache», «migraine», «tension headache», «children», «adolescents», «treatment», and «prevention». Primary headaches (PHAs) in children and adolescents are a polyetiological clinical phenomenon, resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. PHAs require an integrative approach that combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Identifying and modifying psychosocial triggers, optimizing nutrition, adjusting physical activity levels, and considering genetic and hormonal factors are key elements in developing effective strategies for the prevention and management of PHAs in children.