Internet Addiction Among University Students: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Prevalence, Causes, and Consequences on Academic Performance and Sleep Quality

This systematic review bundles the results of 45 peer-reviewed studies, from 2010-2025, It sought to investigate how common Internet addiction is among college students, its antecedents, and its ramifications. The reported prevalence of IA ranges from 10% to 55%, with the highest frequencies reported from Asian and Middle Eastern settings. The salient psychological and behavioral dimensions that emerged as substantial contributors to the emergence and intensity of IA, as identified by the analysis, are anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and inadequate time management skills. Empirical results are consistent in that they show an inverse relationship between IA and academic performance, as shown by lower GPA, higher levels of procrastination, and less engagement in class. Additionally, IA is highly correlated with poor sleep quality as manifested by a delayed onset of sleep and reduced duration of sleep, as well as increased daytime fatigue. These interrelated academic and health challenges highlight the urgent need for the provision of comprehensive interventions such as digital literacy training, systematic screening protocols, structured time management instruction and specialised psychological intervention. This review aims to help schools, mental health professionals, and lawmakers to lessen the negative effects of IA on students' health and academic progress by focusing on both risk factors and practical implications.