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Narrative review demonstrates improved situational awareness and decision-making in pancreatic surgery training, indicating AI's impact on patient care and non-technical skills.
Pancreatic surgery is a highly challenging abdominal procedure with high morbidity, where non-technical skills (NTS)—situational awareness, decision-making, communication, leadership—are critical to reducing adverse outcomes. However, traditional NTS training like didactic lectures and apprenticeships has limitations like high simulation costs and subjective assessments. This review synthesizes AI’s role in transforming pancreatic surgical NTS training: it enhances situational awareness via real-time feedback and 3D reconstruction, improves decision-making through anatomical guidance and immersive simulations, optimizes communication by decoding team mental models, and fosters adaptive leadership. It emphasizes aligning AI with socio-technical system perspective to avoid cognitive dependence, aiming to boost surgeons’ NTS and elevate patient care.
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Wang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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