Analyzing COVID-19 fall occurrences amongst older adult populations

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased health risks among elderly populations, who were often isolated and led more sedentary lifestyles. Prior studies on fall risks during the pandemic show variable results. This systematic review examines trends in elderly fall rates after the onset of COVID-19. Materials/Methods: PubMed and Embase were the primary databases used and screened via Rayyan Software. Reviewers independently screened articles with blinding enabled. Synonyms of “COVID-19,” “elderly,” and “fall rate” were used. Eligible studies were in English, focused on individuals aged >65, and included falls from level height. Studies required two data collection periods: one before and one after March 2020, with sample sizes and fall incidences reported. Recreational or accidental falls were excluded. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023418490). Results: Of 913 articles, 6 met inclusion criteria, with a total of 27,055 patients. Pooled analysis showed increased odds of falls during the pandemic (OR=1.17, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.24, p < 0.00001). The difference in fall rates was statistically significant. Heterogeneity was high (I² = 88 %). Sensitivity analysis excluding the highest-weight article showed OR = 1.08 (95 % CI: 1.02–1.15, p = 0.0001), with I² = 85 %. Notable comorbidities included diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: This review highlights a statistically significant increase in elderly fall rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite heterogeneity and comorbid risks, an upward trend in fall rates was evident, underscoring the need for improved at-home interventions and preventive strategies during public health crises.