Study on the anatomical structure and chemical characteristics of several common bamboo rhizomes

With the promotion of eco-friendly initiatives such as “replacing plastic with bamboo,” bamboo rhizomes – traditionally discarded as underground byproducts – have recently gained increasing attention as renewable and sustainable materials. To better understand their characteristics and potential applications, this study systematically investigated the anatomical structures and chemical compositions of five representative bamboo rhizomes (Moso, Golden, Water, Purple, and Spotted bamboo) through microscopic observation and chemical analysis, using bamboo culms as a reference. Results showed that rhizomes shared similar structural frameworks with culms but exhibited unique internal features. Their vessel diameters (120–150 µm) were located toward the higher end of the typical range for bamboo culms (50–200 µm), and the proportion of vascular tissues (13.6–19.7 %) was also higher, reflecting stronger functions in water conduction and storage. Fibers in rhizomes were shorter, thicker, and contained lower cellulose but higher lignin contents, resulting in reduced mechanical strength yet enhanced durability. Species-specific differences were evident: Water bamboo and Moso bamboo rhizomes had longer, thicker-walled fibers with higher cellulose content. Spotted bamboo rhizome contained more vessels, while Purple bamboo and Golden bamboo rhizomes had shorter, thinner-walled fibers. These findings clarify the structural diversity and structure–property relationships of bamboo rhizomes, providing a scientific basis for their high-value utilization in sustainable material development.