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November 17, 2025PNAS NexusOpen Access

Collective moderation of hate, toxicity, and extremity in online discussions

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Authors

JLJana LasserAHAlina HerderichJGJoshua Garland

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Overview

Analysis of counter speech strategies shows reduction of hate and toxicity in online discussions, indicating a role for collective moderation.

Key Points

  • Expressing straightforward opinions reduces subsequent hate and toxicity across micro- and macro-levels, promoting healthier discourse.
  • Analysis of over 130,000 online discussions on social media platforms from 2015 reveals effective moderation techniques.
  • Using time-series analyses, we evaluate the impact of collective moderation strategies on public discourse quality over four years.
  • Results suggest that citizen engagement in counter speech can improve social media discussions and combat hate speech.

Cite This Study

Lasser et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/692509eec0ce034ddc352ae5https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf369
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The distribution of hate speech and its implications for content moderation2025
  2. 2Assessing How Hate, Counterspeech, and Toxicity Affect Hate Group Newcomers2026
  3. 3Combatting online hate: Crowd moderation and the public goods problem2024 · 11 citations
  4. 4Crowd-moderation of hateful content on social media: mobilizing bystanders through scalable interventions2026
  5. 5Toxic language detection on social media: a critical linguistic approach to online hate speech2025