Exploratory analysis found improved thermodynamic efficiency and energy conservation using genetic algorithm-optimized refrigerants in heat pumps, suggesting enhanced sustainability benefits.
This study investigates binary zeotropic mixtures of R744 (CO₂) blended with eco‐friendly refrigerants for medium‐high temperature heat pumps, comparing them with conventional R744/R134a systems. All mixtures meet 60–80 K temperature lift requirements under low‐temperature conditions. A genetic algorithm optimized system parameters using fixed heat exchange temperature approaches, evaluating refrigerant concentration, ambient temperature, pressure, and outlet water temperature impacts on COP and exergy efficiency. At 0°C ambient, R744/R600a and R744/R1233zd(E) exhibit superior COP (9.55% and 4.77% higher than R744/R1234yf; 8.91% and 4.16% above R744/R290) owing to favorable pressure ratios. R744/R1233zd(E) and R744/R290 demonstrate enhanced operational stability across temperature variations. Comprehensive evaluation reveals R744/R1234zd(E) marginally outperforms R744/R600a in −20°C to 5°C ranges due to system compatibility, while R744/R290 surpasses R744/R1234yf in 5°C–20°C ranges. The optimized blending strategies effectively expand R744's applicability in heat pump technologies, balancing thermodynamic efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental sustainability.
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Sun et al. (2025) studied this question.
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