A Power Loss Sharing Technique for Buck Converters via Current–Temperature–Resistance Model and Dynamic Current Balancing

Multiphase buck converters are critical in data centers and base stations, where their efficiency and thermal performance dictate system reliability. Conventional current-sharing methods fail to equalize power losses under component mismatches, causing localized overheating and efficiency degradation. This paper introduces a dynamic current balancing strategy based on active power loss sharing. A coupled current–temperature–resistance model is developed to dynamically estimate the equivalent resistance of each phase, capturing the behavior of MOSFETs, inductors, and PCB traces. This model enables real-time, loss-based current weight adjustment to actively balance interphase losses. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves peak efficiency by up to 3–8.6% and reduces the critical component temperature rise by 11.6 °C under typical loads, confirming its substantial value in enhancing the performance of multiphase power systems.