Transcriptomics and Untargeted Metabolomics Analyses Provide New Insights Into the Immunomodulatory Activity of Arecanut Polysaccharide

The immunomodulatory activity of plant polysaccharides has attracted researchers' attention. However, the understanding of immunomodulatory‐related molecular mechanisms of PAP1b (a new polysaccharide extracted from arecanut) is still limited. The LPS (1 μg/mL) for positive control and PAP1b (10 μg/mL) were added to RAW264.7 cells for immunomodulatory research. Activating the expression of RAW264.7 cells, PAP1b seemed to perform better in terms of sequestering NO and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6), according to immunomodulatory experiments. In transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics analysis, the findings of the KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that the higher gene expression of PAP1b's immunologic activity was Tnf , Irf9 , Nfkbia , Stat1 , and Ptgs2 . When PAP1b was administered to RAW264.7 cells, the C‐type lectin receptor signaling pathway was more prevalent in the metabolites of the treated group than in the control. These findings could provide a better understanding of the immune activity of arecanut polysaccharides.