Experimental study on partial cement substitution in concrete with POFA and fly ash

As the concrete production and consumption across the globe continue to increase, the significant carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere due to the emissions from cement manufacturing has become a cause of global concern. This opened the doors to researching the various supplemental cementitious materials to reduce the quantity of cement required in concrete production. Some such industrial by-products are palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and fly ash. POFA and fly ash, thought to be useless industrial by-products, are found to have pozzolanic properties. The studies performed on the utilization of POFA and fly ash to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete have shown promising results. Furthermore, the usage of POFA and fly ash is eco-friendly and economical.