Finishing of Cotton Fabric with Biodegradable Nano Composite using Chitosan and Halloysite

This study explores the finishing of cotton fabric using a biodegradable nanocomposite composed of chitosan and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to enhance its functional and mechanical properties while promoting environmental sustainability. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide with inherent antimicrobial activity, serves as a film-forming matrix, while halloysite nanotubes, a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay, act as reinforcing fillers and carriers for controlled release of active agents. The nanocomposite dispersion was prepared by dissolving chitosan in dilute acetic acid, followed by ultrasonication-assisted dispersion of HNTs and crosslinking with citric acid. The finishing was applied to pre-treated cotton fabric via the pad-dry-cure method. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical testing confirmed uniform coating, chemical integration, and enhanced tensile and tear strength of the treated fabric. Functional evaluation demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, along with improved water repellence indicated by an increased contact angle. The finished fabric exhibited increased durability and maintained breathability, highlighting the potential of chitosan-halloysite nanocomposites as eco-friendly finishing agents. This research contributes to the development of sustainable textile finishing technologies that reduce environmental impact while delivering multifunctional performance, positioning biodegradable nanocomposites as promising candidates for next-generation smart and protective cotton textiles.