Neurocysticercosis: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches – A Comprehensive Study

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy, contributing to 30–50% of seizure cases in endemic regions like Latin America and Southeast Asia. Infection occurs via ingestion of T. solium eggs, leading to CNS cyst formation. Symptoms include seizures, headaches, hydrocephalus, and neuropsychiatric disorders, influenced by cyst location and stage. Diagnosis involves neuroimaging (MRI, CT), serological tests (EITB), and molecular methods (PCR). Treatment combines antiparasitic agents (albendazole, praziquantel) with corticosteroids, achieving up to 85% cyst resolution. Antiepileptic drugs and surgical interventions address seizures and complications like hydrocephalus. Preventive strategies, including sanitation, pig farming control, and education, are vital. Emerging therapies, such as immunomodulators and novel antiparasitic drugs, offer potential for overcoming treatment challenges. This review emphasizes advancements in NCC management and the need for integrated global efforts to mitigate its burden.